The Long-Term Impact of Radio Technology Essay Example

The Long-Term Impact of Radio Technology Essay Dennis Gabor once said The most important and urgent problems of the technology of today are no longer the satisfactions of the primary needs or of archetypal wishes, but the reparation of the evils and damages by the technology of yesterday. One of the most important and urgent problems of technology is the advancement of radios to MP3 players and iPods. Radio stations attract listeners but can also be seen as a weakness. It allows advertisers to target stations that appeal to a specific group of people but not all age groups. Radio is high in audience loyalty but also has no guarantee of a long-term deliverable audience. Two other technologies that were very closely related to one another are the telegraphs and the telephones. Radio had begun as a wireless telegraphy. It all initiated with the discovery of radio waves, an electromagnetic wave of a frequency used for long-distance communication such as to transmit music, speeches, and other data through the air. During the 1860s, the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell anticipated the presence of radio waves; and an Italian inventor, Guglielmo Marconi, proved the usefulness of the radio communication. He sent and collected his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. Overseas radiotelegraph service advanced slowly, mainly because the initial radiotelegraph transmitter released electricity within the circuit and between the electrodes was unstable causing a tremendous amount of interference. In the early 1900s, the huge obligation for more development of radio was an efficient and delicate detector of electromagnetic radiation (Bellis, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Term Impact of Radio Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Term Impact of Radio Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Term Impact of Radio Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the history of the twentieth century, broadcasting skits and hoaxes are more correlated with radio than with television. This is because radio was the first computerized medium of mass entertainment and radio is a more psychological medium. Its relationship with its crowd is that its based on an emotional and imaginative bond. In 1997,

Average SAT Subject Test Scores Complete List

Average SAT Subject Test Scores Complete List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A 750 on an SAT Subject Test sounds like an amazing score, right? Not necessarily! Interpreting scores on the Subject Tests is more complex than it is on the general SAT. For example, an excellent score on the Literature Subject Test might look very different from an excellent score on the Korean with Listening Test. Let's take a look at the average scores for each SAT Subject Test, and go over what they mean as you choose which tests to take. Average SAT Subject Test Scores and Standard Deviations First, let's take a look at the SAT Subject Tests in terms of their mean scores, standard deviations, and number of students who took them. Overall, the average SAT Subject Test scores tend to be higher than the average scores on the general SAT since students who take the Subject Tests tend to be high academic achievers. I've listed the SAT Subject Tests in order from highest average score to lowest. I've also included the standard deviations, which indicate how scores are distributed along the curve.A low standard deviation means thatmost students scored near the mean, whereas ahigh standard deviation means that scores were scattered across a broad range. Check out the College Board data from the 2018 SAT Subject Tests in the chart below. Then, scroll down for a discussion of what all this data means for your own SAT Subject Test scores. SAT Subject Test Mean Score Standard Deviation # of Test Takers (2016-18) Literature 607 5 150,361 US History 640 108 178,258 World History 622 0 43,660 Math Level I 605 2 162,998 Math Level II 693 99 427,765 Ecological Biology 618 0 91,866 Molecular Biology 650 109 6,622 Chemistry 666 105 208,588 Physics 667 107 169,950 Chinese with Listening 760 66 13,173 French with Listening 668 4 3,819 German with Listening 618 121 1,297 Japanese with Listening 703 108 3,436 Korean with Listening 761 65 5,364 Spanish with Listening 662 106 6,937 French 628 124 18,725 German 620 134 1,875 Modern Hebrew 612 147 980 Italian 666 127 1,396 Latin 626 0 7,088 Spanish 647 2 51,808 Your test scores don't exist in a vacuum. Rather,your scores are compared against all the other students' scores who took the same tests. This comparison is shown as a percentile, which will be part of your score report. If you're in the 99th percentile, you scored better than 99% of students who took the test. Landing in the 50th percentile means you scored higher than half the students (and lower than the other half). With that in mind, does a higher mean score suggest that a Subject Test is easier? Read on for what you can infer about an SAT Subject Test from a high mean score and a low mean score. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Your SAT Subject Test scores don't exist in a vacuum. SAT Subject Tests With High Average Scores As you can see in the chart above, the Subject Tests with the highest average scores are Korean and Chinese, which both have listening components. It's safe to assume these tests aren't easy if you don't speak Korean or Chinese! But for people who do speak these languages, it seems that they are able to score very highly. The standard deviations for Korean and Chinese are both low, meaning that most students scored near the high means of 761 and 759, respectively. If you've studied Chinese or Korean but are not completely fluent, your personal high score of 650 or 700 will actually be in a pretty low percentile compared with everyone else who took the test. And if you're fluent and get 770, you might think it's an amazing score- but, actually, it's just average! So what should you take from this? Unless you're a fluent or native speaker, these Subject Tests are probably not for you. And even if you are a fluent speaker, you should still definitely take time to prep,as you'll have to achieve an almost perfect score to stand out from the pack. This advice pretty much holds true for all of the language tests, so don't get complacent even if you've been speaking the language your whole life. You still need to prepare to take advantage of this opportunity to showcase your language skills. Another SAT Subject Test with a high mean score is Math Level II, at 693. Student scores show a fairly low standard deviation of 99. These results suggest that students who take the Math Level II really excel in math.Indeed, the test requires a strong grasp of concepts, as well as some extra test prep, to achieve a high score and percentile. High average test scores mean that you'll have to aim for an extra high score to stand above and beyond everybody else. Now, let's take a look at low average SAT Subject Test scores. SAT Subject Tests With Low Average Scores One SAT Subject Test with an average score on the lower side tests a core subject that all students take in high school: literature. The mean score for the Literature SAT Subject Test is 607, and the standard deviation is almost double that for the Chinese Test. This indicates that some students scored a lot higher than the mean, and some scored a lot lower. The Literature Subject Test is a challenging test that requires you to put in some serious study time to do well on it. But it is definitely possible to break away from the average,and a score in the 700s will put you in a high percentile. To reiterate the point above, a score like 720 on the Literature test would be an excellent score, while a 720 on the Korean Test would be a good deal lower than average. Another Subject Test with a low mean score- in this case, just 605- is Math Level I. Compared to Math Level II, which has a far higher average of 693, it seems that those who take the Math Level I Test aren't typically as strong at math as are those who take the Math Level II Test. Find Target Scores for Your SAT Subject Tests By knowing these average scores and thinking about percentiles, you can set specific target scores for the different SAT Subject Tests you're planning to take. If you're deciding among several tests, try to aim for those with a medium to high standard deviation. If the test has a low standard deviation and thus less variance, your scores will look a lot worse if you underperform. Remember that schools are not using your Subject Test scores on an absolute scale but rather are considering how they compare with those of other students who took the test. This information of average test scores and standard deviations is important for understanding this comparison and forplanning your target scores and the percentiles they are likely to fall in. Generally speaking,a great SAT Subject Test score is one that's in at least the 80th percentile, while agood score is one that's around the 70th percentile. As our article on good SAT Subject Test scores indicates, percentiles can vary a lot for different SAT Subject Tests, so it's important to take this information into account as you set your target score for a specific test. Usually, regardless of what schools you're applying to, it's a good idea to aim for a Subject Test score in at least the 700s. Finally, you might want to try toresearch the average SAT Subject Test scores for the colleges you're applying to. Note, however, that most colleges don't report this information, so it's likely you won't find anything online. In this case, assume that you're going to be needing a score in at least the 70th percentile (80th-90th percentile for more selective schools). The Final Word: How to Prepare for SAT Subject Tests One step you can take as you prepare for the SAT Subject Tests is to check out our article on the easiest SAT Subject Tests. This guide further breaks down the data so you can see how it affects your choice of Subject Test. Secondly, make sure to prepare well for these tests,even if a subject is your best subject or you speak a language fluently. The College Board offersa helpful breakdown of the SAT Subject Tests along with some sample practice questions. Finally, schedule your Subject Tests at the end of the school year, whenyou're studying the subject and the content is still fresh in your mind. Since you'll be competing with high academic achievers, you want to put yourself in the best position to succeed. What's Next? Which SAT Subject Test should you take? You know that average scores and standard deviations are one criterion to consider when deciding which tests to take. Check out this article for what else you should think about when deciding on the best Subject Tests for you and your applications. Are you also studying for the SAT? Just as with the Subject Tests, you want to define your target scores and work toward achieving them. Check out this article to learn what makes a good score, a bad score, and an excellent score on the SAT. Are you leaning toward the ACT? This article breaks down the scores and helps you set goals for each section. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Italian Preterite Perfect Tense - Trapassato Remoto

Italian Preterite Perfect Tense - Trapassato Remoto You’ve learned about the passato remoto tense, which is the one you use in literature or to talk about events that happened in history. But you have also learned the trapassato remoto tense? As you’ll see below, it’s a tense for students who are more advanced in their studies. It’s used primarily in literary contexts and is known in English as the preterite perfect. It’s a compound tense formed with the passato remoto of the auxiliary verb avere or essere and the past participle of the acting verb. For example, a sentence like the one below, in a literary context, would require the trapassato remoto. As soon as Julia had gone down the stairs, she left the building. - Dopo che Giulia ebbe sceso le scale, uscà ¬ dal palazzo. â€Å"Ebbe sceso† comes from the conjugated verb â€Å"essere - to be† and â€Å"sceso† is the past participle of the verb â€Å"scendere - to go down.† The action indicated by the verb scendere (to descend- conjugated in the past perfect) occurs prior to the action indicated by the verb uscire (to exit, to leave- conjugated in the passato remoto). The past perfect is a verb form that is used to refer to events, experiences, or facts that happened or were already completed before a point of reference in the past. In each sentence set in the trapassato remoto, you will encounter an expression of time, such as the following: appena (barely), dopo che (as soon as), or finchà © non (up until). For example: Partirono, quando ebbero ricevuto la notizia. - They were leaving when they received the notice.Renata entrà ², appena Giorgio fu uscito. - Renata entered just after Giorgio had left.Andà ² a casa, quando ebbe finito di lavorare. - He went home when he had finished working.Dopo che ebbe letto quel libro, lei ne comprà ² uno nuovo. - After she had read that book, she bought a new one.Non appena ebbi iniziato a guidare, ebbi bisogno di usare il bagno. - As soon as I started driving, I had to use the bathroom. Most verbs of the second conjugation are irregular in the passato remoto tense. To see how avere and essere are conjugated in the remote past tense, see the table below. TRAPASSATO REMOTO OF THE VERB AVERE Person Singular Plural I (io) ebbi (noi) avemmo II (tu) avesti (voi) aveste III (lui, lei, Lei) ebbe (loro, Loro) ebbero TRAPASSATO REMOTO OF THE VERB ESSERE Person Singular Plural I (io) fui (noi) fummo II (tu) fosti (voi) foste III (lui, lei, Lei) fu (loro, Loro) furono Note that if the verb requires â€Å"essere,† then you must change the ending of the past participle to agree with the subject in gender and number. For example: Dopo che le ragazze furono salite sull’autobus, si sedettero. - After the girls got on the bus, they sat down. The past participle â€Å"salire† ends in an -e because the subject is a group of girls. Click here to read more about gender and number agreement.

Comment each essay alone by itself Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comment each alone by itself - Essay Example The section "benefits of knowing your cash position" does not clearly highlight the benefits. It only gives the three main areas of a cash flow statement. Although these areas do indirectly highlight the benefits of knowing your cash position, perhaps mentioning a few other benefits would have added further clarity. The following benefit, for instance, could have been added: Companies that know their cash position well are in a much better situation to provide their stakeholders with better information that they need to assess the financial well being of the company. This in turn maybe important when a company is trying to obtain a loan and needs to provide its cash position to the lender. Similarly, other stakeholders such as investors, stockholders, customers, etc. may also require this information. No example is mentioned when explaining the third area of the cash flow statement: Cash from financing activities. The Microsoft example should be extended to clarify this section of the cash flow statement as well. This essay does not completely explain how cash is the life blood of any business. The importance of cash and preparing cash flow statements has only been inadequately explained in the beginning. The word "life-blood" has not been emphasized. In other words, the writer has only explained how cash can aid businesses and help different forms of business better predict their cash needs and perform their tasks well. However, the writer has failed to illustrate that before helping businesses, more important is the fact that cash is a necessity- a source of survival for businesses and they not only need cash to help them do their tasks better but they need cash to survive-it's a "have cash or die" situation. I believe highlighting this point is essential considering the topic of this essay requires an explanation of how cash is the life blood of any business. The conclusion only mentions the importance of cash flow statements and not cash in general even though the tag line of the topic only mentions cash. There is no mention of cash flow statement in the tag line. Although cash flow statements ultimately boil down to the importance of cash, mentioning the importance of cash in general and not specifically cash flow statements would have been more appropriate.Essay 3 (Nadrah): Although the essay starts with a quotation, the writer directly jumps off to explaining cash flow statements. Perhaps explaining one or two lines about the importance of cash in general and cash being the life blood of any business would have been more appropriate. The essay mentions a very strong point: " all the three statements above, when integrated, are required to make and support interrelated financial decisions." This point has been explained and elaborated extremely well and could not have been done with any more perfection. There are some concepts that have not been explained too well. Consider, for instance, the concept of free cash flow hypothesis. The writer only states that "According to the free cash flow hypothesis, managers may choose to expand operations because their incentives are not aligned with firm value maximization." This explanation is not by itself

Formal business memo Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Formal business memo - Article Example When the cost of living surges, the minimum wage should also rise. This is because workers face significant strain while earning figures that do not consider inflation. In the end, the quality of life diminishes as a large number of families are forced into poverty. It is essential for workers to feel that the state takes care of their welfare. Raising the minimum wage is one of the principal ways in which the state intervenes for workers who are majorly defenseless against businesspersons. It is essential to note that the current minimum hour wage of 7.25 per hour does not care of taxes that every employee faces. At the end of the day, most workers probably earn $ 4 per hour after taxes. This act will also favor the business community since higher pay raises the morale of workers. A workforce with increased morale easily manifests higher productivity. Besides, the city should target increased expenditure towards rising out of the consequences of the recession. This is only possible if workers’ purchasing power increases. When the city raises the minimum wage, the action will affect more than 400,000 workers who make a third of Chicago’s workforce (CBS Chicago 1). This figure considers casual workers in areas such as hotels. Hotel workers in Los Angeles recently won a $ 15.37 minimum wage policy. This happened after unions and right groups formed advocacy groups for the same. This is the highest minimum wage figure among all the states. It is crucial to highlight that hotel workers were the originators of the idea. This suggests that the minimum wage issue mostly affects the casual workers. Casual workers are predisposed to exploitation by business owners because such jobs do not require special skills. Consequently, the minimum wage is a serious concern for SME’s and the informal sector such as hotels. A higher minimum wage increases the cost of business. A

Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

Reflective Journal Essay In our daily lives, we usually encounter statistics and deals with its essential terms. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, and analysis of numerical data and with such problems as experiment design and decision making. A step by step approach with the aim to equip every student with its vital information that is needed to extend throughout the academic days with no limitation and the range should be meet in order to steadfast one’s knowledge on measurement matter, that soon will evolve to new a serious way of solving a certain problem on collecting such data and interpreting above information. Throughout this course we can distinguish descriptive statistics from an inferential statistics. We are also knowledgeable about the sources of data which is relevant in collecting and interpreting information. This program of study established an accuracy, critical thinking as well as an analysis in every student which undergo this subject, it also provide profound discipline in the basis of what we have gather should be true according from the test and observation, letting students to learn and make a hypothesis within certain problem. Bridging one idea to a new state of portion in the aim to make sense and find critical value which is vital in the study of measurement and probability. Formula serves as a guide for every learner who is in the middle of their state of mind. It has big impart in getting the summation and deviation which is require in continuing standards that is indeed needed in this course, it also brings the learner to a religious flow of a formula which is must be done in accordance with its rule. Terms or Terminology take place to instruct its meaning with its valuable method, a method that should be follows according to what explanation being expressed in a sentence or by words in order to get exact value which is unknown. Biostatistics plays an important role for every company, advertisement, education, sciences, astronomy and in the field of medicine but also for every individual who continue to contend statistics with its meaningful idea that we can assert to a decision making. Thus, statistic develop individual by its words, formula and discipline which is one of its vital role in order to be a success man. This is not easy to deal with but if you focus and believe there will be a confidence to have a good and vital relationship with this subject STATISTICS.

United States Intelligence Agencies :: essays research papers fc

Although the cold war has ended and the Soviet Union has disbanded, there is still a need of intelligence collection for the United States. Finding itself as the leader of the rest of the world, the United States must prepare to identify problems as they arise, the earlier the detection, the more likelihood for success. With any one intelligence agency having too much information, problems could arise; therefore, it is imperative to keep a close watchful eye on these agencies to ensure that personal rights are not infringed upon. The success of intelligence gathering agencies is hard to determine. It is difficult to argue that covert operations had much of an impact on the outcome of the cold war (Nutter), but the cold war was not and is not the only objective for intelligence agencies. In fact, since the cold war the intelligence agencies of the United States have accomplished several tasks set before them; for instance, assisting other countries in identifying terrorists like Carlos the Jackal in Sudan, the head of the Shining Path in Peru, and the ring leader of the World Trade Center Bombing in the Philippines. As the leader of the world in the 21ST century, the United States intelligence agencies must keep up this highest level of information gathering procedures in order to stay ahead of any upcoming problems down the road. With intelligence gathering operations being utilized as collection assets on embassies of opposing nations based in the United States, careful consideration must be used when working so close with the American public. Everyday information that may appear irrelevant could be very valuable to domestic or foreign-based companies for advertising campaigns, marketing forecasts, and price gouging. This type of information leakage is a violation of an American’s rights. One problem with having so much information at home and abroad is seeing the correct way to solve dilemmas before they occur. While in war actions of questionable ethics often go unanswered and are hardly given a second thought. In 1941 when the Czech military intelligence service approached the British Special Operations Executive for assistance in an assassination of a German SS Officer no questions were raised, not even about who the target maybe (Richelson). With any agency possessing too much knowledge internally, it may choose to take the short road to ensure success of a mission. Thus, the American public should support the United States intelligence agencies, but keep a close watchful eye on them as well.

Woman and Canadian Politics

Prior to 1921, men were the only members of the Canadian parliamentary system. With the first Canadian women being elected into the Canadian parliament in 1921, women have had the ability to participate and become elected into the House of Commons. Since then, Canadian women’s participation in the House of Commons has substantially increased from 1 female seat holder in 1921 to the present day 64 seats held by women. Although this increase is seemed as substantial, the debate about the underrepresentation of women in politics has been a central topic of debate by politicians, scholars and the general public in Canada. Although it is widely agreed that representation of women in the House of Commons needs to increase, there are two fundamentally different views regarding this underrepresentation; the explanatory perspective and the feminist perspective. The explanatory perspective argues that â€Å"political institutions should reflect the composition of civil society† , while the feminists perspective argues that, â€Å"since women offer unique perspectives, their exclusion from political power means that their needs, demands, and interests would currently not be echoed in the political arena. However, through the assessment of the definition of democracy, and the evaluation of the feminist’s arguments and explanatory perspectives, the relatively low number of women elected to the House of Commons does not mean the Canadian political system is insufficiently democratic. In order to understand the underrepresentation of women in the Canadian political system, democracy must be define d. According to Rand Dyke, the definition of democracy is, â€Å"a political system characterized by popular sovereignty, political equality, political freedom, and majority rule. Popular sovereignty and political equality entails that everyone eligible to vote has: a vote to participate in a final outcome, and an equal weighted vote. Political freedom involves equal opportunities and rights to all. Majority rule entails that when it comes to making a decision regarding differences in opinions, the larger number should win. Therefore, democracy suggests that there should be representation for all genders and race, everyone should enjoy the equal opportunities, and everyone has an equal say when it comes to choosing their representatives. Firstly, women hold approximately 20. 8 percent of the House of Commons in Canada. Although this is an underrepresentation of the women population in Canada, it is not undemocratic. Based on the definition of democracy as defined above, it is argued, and has been proven through the election of women into the House of Commons, that women have equal opportunity to become a member in the House of Commons. Out of the Canadian population of eligible voters, women approximately make up more then 50 percent of that population. With women holding the majority of the votes in Canada, and an equal vote, it is puzzling that there are complaints regarding unfair representation. The fact that women have equal right to men shows that the Canadian political system is democratic. Perhaps the underrepresentation is not due to flaws in Canadian democracy regarding electing females to the House of Commons, but individual wants regarding representation. Women’s traditional role in society has been to stay home and take care of children as they are seen as nurturing creatures. The ways politicians have been portrayed through the media are ruthless and powerful people. The portrayal of traditional roles of women verse politicians may be part of the reason the general public does not elect more into the House of Commons. Perhaps if women involved in politics became more involved with the media, to prove their authoritativeness, the general population would be more inclined to elect strong-willed, assertive women into the House of Commons. Secondly, feminists have argued that females vying for political nomination face challenges finding monetary support for their nomination and campaigns. Although women face this difficulty, men do as well. To accommodate the financial difficulty of competing nominees the 1974 Election Expenses Act was implemented, and in 2004 Bill C-24. The 1974 Election Expenses Act introduced restrictions to the amount that candidates and parties could spend on elections, as well as gave tax deductions to sponsors, and partial reimbursement to parties and candidates wining more than 15 percent of the vote. Bill C-24 introduced restrictions once again on sponsorship spending placing boundaries on who can sponsor and caps on how much can be sponsored, while giving parties subsidies for each vote they received in the last election. By placing these restrictions and caps on spending, the competition in the financial field became less of an issue. The facts that these barriers have been acknowledged and attempts have been made remedy these burdens, not only benefited women’s likelihood to get nominated, but made competing playing field equal. Candidates who did not find finance as a burden were restricted to a cap, therefore made it more likely that all candidates would have around the same amount of money to spend on their promotion. Both men and women have to go through the same nomination process to become a candidate for elections; whether they choose to pursue the legislative route is based on personal choice, not political inequality. Thirdly, feminists are concerned that the small numbers of women in the House of Commons means that women’s interests and needs are not being represented. However, this can be proven false through the fact that for a long time the Canadian politics has mostly been based on the brokerage system. The brokerage system theory suggests that since Canada has such a diverse population, in order for political parties to win elections, they must appeal to the masses. Since Canada follows the brokerage system, it is suggested that everyone will receive representation in the Government because political parties have compromised in order to gain their support. One of the ways the Canadian political parties have gained more support by women was by bringing more into their party. Since 1921 women candidates in parties have increased from 4 female candidates to present day 380 female candidates. The increase shows that parties are accepting women in as candidates, in hopes to better accommodate women’s wants and needs; however, the general population is not voting them in. Not only does it allow from more female candidates, but it makes it easier for Feminists to belong to a political party. However, more feminists in the House of Commons may not be the best strategy for meeting needs, demands and interests of women. Women rather vote for â€Å"women as women† rather then feminists. Finally, although the underrepresentation of women in the House of Commons does not mean that the Canadian political system is insufficiently democratic, it does need to be improved. Some solutions suggested to improve this underrepresentation is to look at the how seats get distributed, quotas, and greater promotion for women in politics. Canada bases their government off of single member plurality. Single member plurality means that the candidate that wins the most votes wins a seat in the House of Commons no matter how marginal their victory is. This â€Å"first-past-the-post† technique leaves parties completely unrepresented, including women, when there is support for them. A suggestion to remedy underrepresentation is to implement a mixed member system. A mixed member would entail that a portion of the seats in the House of Commons is elected by the â€Å"first-past-the-post† system, and the remainder of the seats are chosen based on proportional representation. Another suggestion is to place quotas on parties as to a specific percentage of women must be elected. Countries such as Costa Rica, Argentina and Belgium have legal quotas as to percentage of women elected. A further suggestion would be to create greater publicity to promote women’s involvement in politics. Promoting interest in politics may trigger more women to get involved in politics, therefore possibly increasing the number of female candidates. Through some of these suggestions, female representation in the House of Commons may increase; however, this will take time. Underrepresentation of women in the House of Commons is a problem in the Canadian political system which does need to be addressed and remedied. However, this issue did not result because Canada’s politic system is undemocratic. Through the dissection of the definition of democracy, it was proven that both women and men are equally liable to be elected into the House of Commons. Through the assessment of the feminist argument that women have greater monetary burdens, it was proven that competition for nomination and candidacy has been regulated through Bill C-24 and the Election Expenses Act to assure expense equality. And the fact that the Canadian government has been based on the brokerage theory system suggests that political parties would want women to be elected therefore making their party more appealing to the masses. Although the number of women in the House of Commons has grown significantly, females are still underrepresented due to then general public’s decision not due to undemocratic functioning’s. Steps need to be taken to increase female interest in politics and the single member plurality system needs to be re-assessed to make female representation in the House of Commons more representative of its population. Bibliography Cool, Julie. Women in Parliament. [cited 1 November 2006] Available from http://dsp-psd. pwgsc. gc. ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/PRB-e/PRB0562-e. pdf Dyck, Rand. Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches. th ed. Scarborough: Nelson, 2004. Government of Canada. Population by Age and Sex Group. [cited 1 November 2006] Available from http://www40. statcan. ca/l01/cst01/demo10a. htm Heard, Andrew. Elections: Women Candidates in Canadian Elections 1921 – 2006. [cited 1 November 2006] Available from http://www. sfu. ca/~aheard/elections/women-elected. html Trembla y, Manon. â€Å"Do Female MPs Substantively Represent Women? A Study of Legislative Behaviour in Canada's 35th Parliament. † Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique 31, no. 3 (1998): 435-465. Tremblay, Manon, and Rejean Pelletier. â€Å"More Feminists Or More Women? Descriptive and Substantive Representations of Women in the 1997 Canadian Federal Elections. † International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 21, no. 4, Women, Citizenship, and Representation. Femmes, citoyennete et representation (2000): 381-405. Young, Lisa. â€Å"Fulfilling the Mandate of Difference: Women in the Canadian House of Commons. † In the Presence of Women: Representation in Canadian Government. Ed. Jane Arscott, Linda Trimble. Toronto: Harcourt Brace & Company Canada Ltd, 1997.

Caribbean Civilization

Lecture Lesson IV IV. Race, Nationalism, Independence, Dependence and Regionalism. The genesis of colonialism in the Caribbean and how it has taken root in the political, social and economic institutions. Race and Class and how they both cohere to shape the social, political and economic landscape of the Caribbean.Explain and understand how these forces work to determine the mosaic of Caribbean society, for example, how they resonate and reinforce rigid institutional hierarchies in education, politics and religion and they have been the major determinants of stratification and social identity in the region since colonization. Can we divorce race and class from nationalism? Students are then asked to provide an answer to this. What is plantation society and why is still so important to Caribbean society.How race, class and nationalism are bound up in the legacy of the plantation society created by the colonizers. For example features of Plantation Society are:  ¦ – keeping co lonial peoples technologically deficient  ¦ maintaining colonial peoples as producers of primary raw materials  ¦ keeping colonial peoples bound to the mother country through the policy of trade exclusivism  ¦ limited horizontal linkages between the colonies except through the British government  ¦ The legacy of colonialism has shaped contemporary politics in the region.It has led to among other things the establishment of a colour hierarchy white over brown over black. And, it has been institutionalised by the political systems in the region.  ¦ The Comprador Bourgeoisie: In the English-speaking Caribbean, the landowning class owed loyalty ultimately to the metropolis, even though it might have disagreed on particular policies implemented in the colonies or on the correct system of government to be pursued. ‘ More than economic interests, the plantocracy by the end of the nineteenth century was united in defence of its whiteness. The nation states of the region are still struggling to establish sovereignty. This is partly because key roles in decision-making are still assigned to the metropolitan state, to international organizations or to elites allied to external markets, who view the masses of the region not as fellow citizens but as groups to be excluded from society and the polity. In these circumstances, nation-building is incomplete. Examine the rise of the nationalist class with strong family connections and class cleavages and how they usurped the role of the working class and their access to power.As such even though the nationalists led us towards ‘independence’ political parties are still controlled by the middle class, who are often financed by private capital and only using as voting support the mass of the people who are still basically apathetic and alienated from government. One finds that much of government time is still taken up with politicking the community. Examine the role of the nationalists in relation to independence as these contested groups are in conflict as they seek to exclude others from membership.Examine the contradictions within this group as they serve to reinforce dependent relations manifested through coordinated groupings such as the comprador bourgeoisie. ‘Independence’ did not usually result in radical changes in the lives of the majority. Hierarchies were reproduced, just deracialised in the Caribbean. In many cases, the change was mostly a matter of American born whites replacing the British born whites or West Indian intelligentsia, replacing the British colonials. Democratic constitutions were facades. Political and economic power still remained concentrated in the hands of a few linked by class, ethnicity and religion.Examine whether independence is genuine or not. Look at the notion of neo-colonialist tendencies that exist for example: †¢ The economies are still controlled from outside and therefore important decisions on the use of resources t he distributions of wealth and foreign policy is largely also controlled from outside. †¢ Constitutional reality does not always coincide with political reality. The territories of the West Indies still exhibit characteristics of rigidly stratified societies with gross inequalities of wealth and status and an alarming and growing state of unemployment overall poverty and economic dependence. These countries’ independence did not usually result in radical changes in the lives of the majority. Rather, hierarchies were reproduced, just deracialised in the Caribbean. The change was mostly a matter of American born whites replacing the British born whites. Democratic constitutions were facades. Political and economic power still remained concentrated in the hands of a few linked by class, ethnicity and religion. In light, of the above examine if independence is a facade. -Can there be a true West Indian identity since the Caribbean is constructed on faulty premises? What is i t within our psyche that has impeded so natural and so necessary a development in the West Indies? -Look at how race and class and nationalism interweave and how they have helped to undermine more genuine attempts at forging a Caribbean identity. Examine why a West Indian identity is critical to the realization of any integration movement. Outline the negative reasons of what could happen if we do not forge a Caribbean region that draws on our collective strength through unity and for a common brotherhood and enlightened nationalism.How can we best improve our society such as government’s role in involving the people of the region through not only informing them but also fully involving them in the processes of decision-making on the forms of political unity. †¢ For example: That the forms of regional unity do not merely institutionalize social inequality and economic justice but improve our capability to redress them and provide machinery that will make an obligation to do so effectively. †¢ We must have a commitment to the ideal of nationhood and a capability n the part of that leadership to generate that commitment throughout our communities. †¢ We must be ready to act in pursuit of that commitment of a regional identity along with those within the region who share that commitment and resolution. But in so acting we must make clear that we proceed on no basis of divisiveness or of exclusion. †¢ While it is the responsibility of government to initiate action it is essential that the people of the region shall not merely be fully informed but fully involved in the processes of decision-making.That the forms of unity do not merely institutionalize social inequality and economic justice but improve our capability to redress them and provide machinery that will make an obligation to do so effectively. †¢ Education becomes important, but not just any type of education: †¢ Scientific reclamation and revitalisation: †¢ We m ust be able to see ourselves not only as a people with rhythm but also with reason, and intellect. We have to instill in our curriculum scientific technology for a new age. Examine the notion that one of the hallmarks of colonialism was to give to the colonies whatever was obsolete in Europe.And we still find developed countries shipping their discards to the world they helped underdeveloped and we must therefore study the latest technologies and teach them in our schools. The lecture provided other examples which students may wish to research. Drawing on the history of race and class and nationalism and independence and regional integration, it seems clear that any West Indian identity that does not stand on a regional base of social equality and economic justice does not rest on sure foundations and will not survive the stress of internal social upheaval and the shifting sands of uneven regional development. References Beckford, G. (1972) Persistent Poverty, New York: Oxford Unive rsity Press.  ¦ Hall, K. (2001) ‘The Caribbean Community: Beyond Survival,’ Kingston: IRP.  ¦ James, CLR, (1962) ‘The Middle Classes,’ in Lowenthal, D. and Comitas L. (1973) Consequences of Class and Colour: West Indian Perspectives, New York: Anchor Books.  ¦ Levitt, K. and Witter, M. (1996) The Critical Tradition of Caribbean Political Economy, Jamaica: IRP.  ¦ Manley, M. (1982) Struggle in the Periphery, London: Heineman  ¦ Munroe, T. (1985) Introduction to Politics, Jamaica: UWI.  ¦ Nkruhmah, K. (1965) Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism, London: Nelson. Payne, A. and Sutton, P. (1984) Dependency under Challenge: The Political Economy of the Commonwealth Caribbean, Manchester.  ¦ Ryan, S. (1972) Race and Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.  ¦ Stone, C. (1971) Decolonisation and Political Change in Jamaica and Trinidad, USA: Sage Publications.  ¦ Sunshine, C. (1996) The Caribbean, Surviva l, Struggle and Sovereignty, Washington: Epicon.  ¦ Watson, H. ed. (1994) The Caribbean in the Global Political Economy, Jamaica: IRP.  ¦ Williams, E. (1970) From Columbus to Castro, New York: Harper and Row.

Brief Look At The Renaissance Essays - Christianization, Free Essays

Brief Look At The Renaissance Essays - Christianization, Free Essays Brief Look at the Renaissance The Renaissance, which began in Italy in 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. The increase in trade caused a abundance in wealth that resulted in the focusing of the arts. Such things as literature, paintings, sculptures and many more works are known to have blossomed from the period known as the Renaissance. Many other important occurrences , such as the Reformation and split of the Roman Catholic Church caused by the opposing views of Martin Luther and more of a focus on humankind called humanism, also the eight crusades to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims, played key rolls in the period of the Renaissance. The Crusades which took place before the period of the Renaissance are a major factor in the coming about or "birth" of the Renaissance. The eight Crusades were the efforts to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims. These Crusades introduced to Western Europe the new tastes of art, fine quisines and new types of cloth, including silk.. With this the need for trade with the Far East increased drastically. This increase in trade caused an abundance of wealth in Western Europe which intern brought new products and goods to Western Europe. In the year 1305 the Roman Catholic Church was relocated from Rome to France. With this the power of the papal states was divided among the region's leading families. Starting near the year 1300 the demand for reform began to grow at a rapid pace. By the 1600's close to half of the practicing Catholics in western Europe had left the Church to join one of the new reformer religious groups. This reform brought about new ways of thought and new attitudes towards religion and the human race. The young German scholar realized that the way to salvation was "justification by faith." Martin Luther's beliefs were deemed to be heretic in nature and he was hidden away by a German prince. The word Renaissance means a "rebirth". This is exactly what happened after the Crusades and split of the Roman Catholic church. A rebirth of ideas was their outcome. The most drastic change took place in art. New perspectives were created by such people as Giotto, Tommaso Masaccio, and Filippo Brunelleschi. With these new perspectives came a new age of art within the Renaissance. Many new painters learned about using shades of light and dark to create the illusion of depth, along with new techniques to make paintings more realistic. The Renaissance was truly the "rebirth" of lost ideas along with the birth of new ideas. The Split of the Church and the eight Crusades to recapture Jerusalem are two of the many reasons for the "birth" of the Renaissance, yet both are important to the birth of the Renaissance. Without the Crusades, which brought back lost works from the Roman Empire and opened trade with the far east, and the split of the Roman Catholic Church, which brought about the reformation of the church, there wouldnt have been enough of a basis for the Renaissance to occur.

Acetone - Background of the Study Essay Example for Free

Acetone – Background of the Study Essay ? Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish removers and as paint thinner. Acetone can also be used for medical and cosmetic uses, such as applying acetone with alcohol for acne treatments to peel dry skin. It can also remove residues from glass and porcelain and it can also remove super glue from the skin. Perhaps, acetone is very useful in our everyday lives. Acetone is also known to remove ball pen marks on fabrics and clothings. It has ethyl acetate that is said to remove ball pen stains. Most people accidentally rubs ball pen marks on their clothing on a daily basis. The study was done to find out if acetone is more effective and easier to remove ball pen marks on clothings or fabrics than normal laundry detergent. The study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is a more effective and easier way in removing ball pen stains on fabrics? 2. Is acetone effective in removing ball pen marks? If the ball pen mark is removed and the clothing is cleaner and whiter using acetone then acetone is more effective and easier way to remove ball pen marks on the clothing. The study was done to find out if acetone is effective in removing ball pen marks. The study will help mostly students and working adults and everyone who uses ball pen. They will benefit because most of the users have their ball pens blotting on a daily basis. The amount of bleach and acetone used is 20 ml. The ball pen mark is of the same size. Even the cloths are of the same type. This means that the study is limited to these amounts only. This study is limited to testing which among bleach or acetone can remove a simple ball pen mark effectively. According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetate#Uses, Ethyl Acetate is the solvent present in acetone that can remove the ball pen marks. It is also stated that ethyl acetate is also present in some hairsprays, alcohol, etc. The researchers recommend repeating the testing using different cloths and different amounts of bleach and acetone to test other possibilities. It is also suggested that the researchers use warm water for washing the cloths. Removing ball pen marks- http://housekeeping.about.com/od/stainremoval/a/inkstains.htm Acetone – Background of the Study. (2016, Dec 31).

Effective Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effective Communications - Essay Example All supplies of Tylenol were pulled directly off the shelves of every store in the United States. The cost to the company to accomplish this act was over $50 million dollars, yet Johnson and Johnson accomplished this with grace and humility and gained the respect of Americans in the process. After a period of time, Tylenol was replaced on store shelves complete with new, tamper-resistant packaging, telling the public loudly and clearly that the first priority of Johnson and Johnson is the safety of the public who purchased their products, thus keeping them in business. As the text states, because of the response to the incident and their overwhelming regard for human lives, Tylenol recovered an even larger share of the market and "gained credibility, public trust, and esteem." (Federal Register). Once Johnson and Johnson issued "Our Credo," they had public opinion firmly and positively on their side. Johnson and Johnson stated to consumers that their goal was to meet the needs of those who use their product, but to do so in a responsible way. They acknowledge that they have the right to make a fair profit, which, again, puts public opinion firmly in their corner. ... Another public might be considered the people such as doctors, nurses and the institutions of hospitals that regularly dispense Tylenol to their patients. This sector of the public had a grave responsibility in the face of the Tylenol tragedy, in that they had to make absolutely sure that none of the product that could possibly have been contaminated remained in their hospitals. A possible third public could be the press, who, in many cases become the most direct line to the general public. What the press is told and what they release to the general public is extremely important and akin to walking a tightrope. The internal public would be the employees and stockholders of Johnson and Johnson. The employees were put into a difficult situation in that if public opinion, fickle as it is, had gone the "other" direction; the employees of Johnson and Johnson could well have borne the brunt of public righteous indignation. It would have become rather non-politic to answer the question "Where do you work," because the employees would have been guilty by association. The stockholders, another faction of the internal public would have been seen as equally "guilty," and it is likely that rumors would have abounded concerning the culpability of the stockholders in the aftermath of tragedy. The external public, on the other hand, I would see as the consumer of Johnson and Johnson products. I'm sure every mother and father in America experienced a sense of panic and horror when they learned of the cyanide laced Tylenol capsules, thinking it could have been their child or another parents' child that fell victim to the capsules. It was